Introduction

L'industrie automobile est a la croisée des chemins, car elle est soumise a une conjonction d'externalités d'une ampleur et d'une intensité rarement vues : absorption de toutes les crises récentes, celles du Covid et des semi-conducteurs, mais aussi celle de la hausse des prix de l'énergie. C'est celui de parvenir å intégrer ces techniques afin de parvenir a réinventer l'automobile de demain, une automobile connectée, robotisée et traitant automatiquement de grands volumes de données afin de progresser en intelligence, et de mettre celle-ci au service de l'humain, pour un usage réinventé de l'automobile et pour instaurer un systéme de mobilité plus durable. Il appelle ainsi a mieux cibler l'accompagnement des fournisseurs pour faire émerger une nouvelle génération d'ETI et aussi l'apparition de grands équipementiers leaders dans le monde de l'électrique, de l'hydrogene et, plus globalement, de l'automobile de demain. Il demande aussi que l'Europe se donne du temps pour s'adapter a la transition en protégeant temporairement, a l'instar des États-Unis, son marché intérieur.

The French automotive industry faces the challenge of the ecological transition

[...]the vehicle of the future must be considered within the broader framework of the mobility of the future, taking into account the entire value chain. Transforming our future into a sustainable future: planning for the automotive transition Didier Sepulchre de Condé, Mechanical industry The automotive industry is in turmoil, firstly because of the economic situation, with a market deeply affected by Covid, shortages of materials and components and disoriented customers;and secondly because of the structural situation, with the forced transition to electrification. The four paradoxes of the ecological transition of the European car industry Alois Kirchner, Former Director of Cabinet of the Minister for Industry The energy transition in the automotive sector is essential for achieving French and European climate objectives. [...]the actions implemented come up against four paradoxes, which must be overcome if this transition is to succeed: * the regulation on the reduction of CO2 emissions from the tank to the wheel, to the exclusion of other sources which now represent the majority of emissions from new vehicles;* the steering of vehicle traffic restrictions based on Crit'air stickers, leading to the prohibition of access to certain cities for vehicles that are more virtuous than others that are still allowed to enter;* the inability to implement policies to support the production of vehicles on European soil that are sufficiently powerful to halt the fall in associated jobs;a situation that benefits production sites that are not subject to the same environmental standards;* and the rising price of "green" vehicles, leading to a slowdown in the renewal of the fleet and the maintenance of a high level of pollution and carbon emissions.